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waec2025biology
Q1. The Genus into which man is classified is
AChordata
BMammalia
CHomo
DSapiens
Correct Answer: C
The scientific classification of humans is Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Mammalia, Order: Primates, Family: Hominidae, Genus: Homo, Species: sapiens. Thus, the genus is Homo.
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Q2. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of insects?
APresence of feathers
BJointed appendages
CGills for respiration
DInternal fertilization
Correct Answer: B
Insects belong to the phylum Arthropoda and are characterized by jointed appendages, including legs and antennae, which allow for mobility and various functions.
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Q3. The growth process that involves shedding of the exoskeleton in arthropods is
Ametamorphosis
Becdysis
Chibernation
Daestivation
Correct Answer: B
Ecdysis is the process where arthropods, like insects, shed their old exoskeleton to allow for growth, as the rigid exoskeleton does not expand.
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Q4. In a dicotyledonous leaf, the midrib is primarily responsible for
Aphotosynthesis
Bsupport and transport
Creproduction
Dstorage
Correct Answer: B
The midrib in a dicot leaf contains vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) that provide structural support and transport water, nutrients, and sugars.
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Q5. The vascular bundle in a dicot leaf consists of
Aphloem only
Bxylem only
Cboth xylem and phloem
Depidermis only
Correct Answer: C
In dicot leaves, vascular bundles are collateral, containing both xylem (for water transport) and phloem (for food transport), arranged in a network.
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Q6. The functions of vacuoles in plants are storage and
Aprotection
Bstrength
Csupport
Dsensitivity
Correct Answer: C
Plant vacuoles store water, ions, and nutrients, and maintain turgor pressure, which provides mechanical support to the cell and plant structure.
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Q7. A plant cell placed in a concentrated salt solution will undergo
Aturgidity
Bplasmolysis
Ccytolysis
Ddiffusion
Correct Answer: B
In a hypertonic solution like concentrated salt, water moves out of the plant cell by osmosis, causing the cytoplasm to shrink away from the cell wall, known as plasmolysis.
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Q8. The shrinkage of the cytoplasm away from the cell wall in plant cells is known as
Ahaemolysis
Bcrenation
Cturgor
Dplasmolysis
Correct Answer: D
Plasmolysis occurs when plant cells lose water in a hypertonic environment, causing the plasma membrane to pull away from the cell wall.
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Q9. How many molecules of oxygen are required for the aerobic respiration of three molecules of glucose?
A3
B6
C12
D18
Correct Answer: D
The equation for aerobic respiration of one glucose is C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy. For three glucose molecules, 3 × 6 = 18 O2 molecules are required.
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Q10. Sclerenchyma tissue in plants is for
Awater conduction
Bmechanical support
Cfood storage
Dfood transport
Correct Answer: B
Sclerenchyma cells have thick, lignified walls that provide rigid mechanical support to plant parts like stems and veins.
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Q11. The process by which a white blood cell engulfs a pathogen is
Apinocytosis
Bphagocytosis
Cosmosis
Ddiffusion
Correct Answer: B
Phagocytosis is the process where phagocytes, like white blood cells, engulf and destroy pathogens through endocytosis.
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Q12. The cells responsible for defence against pathogens in human blood are
Aerythrocytes
Bleucocytes
Cthrombocytes
Dplasma cells
Correct Answer: B
Leucocytes (white blood cells) are part of the immune system and defend against pathogens through phagocytosis and antibody production.
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Q13. Which of the following statements is not correct about respiration in plants?
AIt occurs in all plant tissues
BLight and chlorophyll must be present for it to occur
CEnergy is produced as the end product
DIt occurs in the presence of oxygen
Correct Answer: B
Respiration in plants is a continuous process that does not require light or chlorophyll; it occurs in mitochondria using oxygen to release energy from glucose.
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Q14. Urine, when compared with blood in mammals is hypertonic because
Aurine contains high percentage of all cells
Ball traces of sugar have been removed from urine
Curea is actively secreted into the renal tubules
Dmuch water has been removed from urine
Correct Answer: D
In the loop of Henle and collecting ducts, water is reabsorbed from the filtrate, concentrating the urine to make it hypertonic compared to blood.
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Q15. The naturally produced auxin in plants is
Aindole acetic acid
Bdichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Caldone
Dflorigen
Correct Answer: A
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the primary natural auxin produced by plants, promoting cell elongation and apical dominance.
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Q16. The sympathetic nervous system causes
Aconstriction of the arteries
Bheartbeat to slow down
Cincrease in the secretion of saliva
Dcontraction of the bladder
Correct Answer: A
The sympathetic nervous system activates the 'fight or flight' response, causing vasoconstriction in arteries to redirect blood to vital organs.
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Q17. Long sightedness could be corrected using
Abiconvex lens
Bconvex lens
Cbiconcave lens
Dconcave lens
Correct Answer: B
Hypermetropia (long-sightedness) is corrected with a convex lens, which converges light rays to focus on the retina.
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Q18. During the process of hearing in mammals, the structure in the middle ear which receives the first vibration is the
Aoval window
Bround window
Cincus
Dmalleus
Correct Answer: D
The malleus (hammer), the outermost ossicle, attaches to the eardrum and receives initial vibrations from sound waves.
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Q19. An important characteristic of fruits dispersed by water is the presence of
Afibrous covering
Bsmooth surface
Cwater content
Dpericarp
Correct Answer: A
Fruits like coconuts have fibrous, buoyant husks that aid flotation and dispersal by water currents.
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Q20. Plants which grow and produce fruits within a year are called
Abiennials
Bperennials
Cannuals
Dherbs
Correct Answer: C
Annual plants complete their life cycle, including growth, reproduction, and death, within one year.
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Q21. Chemical digestion in organisms is the
Abreakdown of starch into carbohydrates
Bbreakdown of complex molecules into simple molecules
Cbuild up of simple insoluble molecules into complex
Dbuild up of soluble molecules into complex insoluble molecules
Correct Answer: B
Chemical digestion uses enzymes to hydrolyze large, complex molecules (e.g., proteins, starches) into smaller, absorbable simple molecules.
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Q22. Excessive bleeding from an injury could be due to the lack of vitamin
AK
BE
CB
DA
Correct Answer: A
Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting; deficiency leads to prolonged bleeding due to impaired coagulation factor synthesis.
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Q23. Enzymatic digestion of protein begins in the
Amouth
Bstomach
Csmall intestine
Dlarge intestine
Correct Answer: B
Protein digestion starts in the stomach with pepsin, an enzyme activated in the acidic environment, breaking proteins into peptides.
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Q24. The parts of the digestive system that secrete substances involved in the digestion of fats are
Amouth and stomach
Bstomach and pancreas
Cpancreas and small intestine
Dsmall and large intestine
Correct Answer: C
The pancreas secretes lipase for fat emulsification, and the small intestine receives bile from the liver/gallbladder to break down fats.
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Q25. If the small intestine of an organism does not have villi, the organism will have a problem with
Adigestion of food only
Babsorption of water
Cabsorption of nutrients only
Ddigestion of food and absorption of nutrients
Correct Answer: C
Villi increase surface area for nutrient absorption in the small intestine; without them, digested nutrients cannot be efficiently absorbed.
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Q26. Which of the following statements is not correct about the dental formula of humans?
AOne pair of canines is on the upper jaw and three pairs of premolars are on the lower jaw
BTwo pairs of incisors are on the upper jaw and three pairs of premolars are on the lower jaw
CTwo pairs of incisors are on the upper jaw and three pairs of molars are on the lower jaw
DOne pair of canines is on the upper jaw and four pairs of molars are on the lower jaw
Correct Answer: A
Human dental formula is I 2/2, C 1/1, PM 2/2, M 3/3. Canines are 1/1 (one pair each jaw), premolars 2/2 (two pairs each), so A is incorrect.
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Q27. The relationship between a bean plant and a Tithonia plant on a farmland is
ACompetition
Bpredation
CParasitism
Depiphytism
Correct Answer: A
Both bean and Tithonia (Mexican sunflower) are plants competing for the same resources like sunlight, water, and nutrients in the soil.
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Q28. The following ecological factors affect all habitats except
Atemperature
BHumidity
Clight
Dpressure
Correct Answer: D
Pressure is a significant factor only in aquatic or high-altitude habitats, not all ecosystems like terrestrial ones.
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Q29. An instrument commonly used to measure underwater visibility in aquatic ecosystems is
Awind vane
Bthermometer
CSecchi disc
Dbarometer
Correct Answer: C
The Secchi disc is lowered into water until invisible, measuring turbidity and light penetration to assess visibility.
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Q30. The Secchi disc is primarily used to measure
Awind speed
Btemperature
Cwater transparency
Dhumidity
Correct Answer: C
It quantifies water clarity by determining the depth at which the disc becomes obscured by suspended particles.
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Q31. When Tilapia population in a pond reaches the carrying capacity, the population
Aalternately increases and decreases
Bremains unchanged
Cincreases only
Ddecreases only
Correct Answer: B
Carrying capacity is the maximum population size an environment can sustain; at this point, birth and death rates balance, stabilizing the population.
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Q32. Which of the following statements about the pyramid of energy is correct?
AEnergy remains constant across trophic levels
BEnergy decreases from the base to the apex of the pyramid
CEnergy increases from the base to the apex of the pyramid
DEach trophic level is an independent energy source
Correct Answer: B
Only about 10% of energy transfers to the next trophic level due to heat loss and incomplete consumption, so energy decreases upward.
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Q33. Which of the following sequences represents the trend in eutrophication?
AHeavy mineralization → lack of oxygen → massive algal growth
BExcessive nitrates → massive algal growth → lack of oxygen → death of aquatic organisms
CExcessive phosphates → lack of oxygen → massive algal growth → death of aquatic organisms
DMassive algal growth → excessive nitrates → lack of oxygen
Correct Answer: B
Eutrophication begins with nutrient enrichment (nitrates/phosphates), leading to algal blooms, oxygen depletion upon decay, and organism death.
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Q34. Which of the following statements correctly describes the term population? The number of
ATilapia in a lake
Bfungus and snail on leaf litter
Cbees and butterflies on a flower
Dflatworms and roundworms in the gut of an animal
Correct Answer: A
A population is a group of individuals of the same species in a specific area; Tilapia (same species) in a lake fits this definition.
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Q35. What is the population density of Ageratum sp. of frequency 1,850 on a land area measuring 100m²?
A18.50/m²
B8.05/m²
C0.50/m²
D0.05/m²
Correct Answer: A
Population density = total number (frequency) / area = 1850 / 100 m² = 18.5 individuals per m².
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Q36. Which of the following activities does not control pathogens?
AExposure to ultraviolet radiation
BUse of disinfectants
CEating balanced diet
DBoiling water
Correct Answer: C
A balanced diet supports immunity but does not directly control or kill pathogens; the others are direct antimicrobial methods.
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Q37. Which of the following could be prevented by a BCG vaccination?
AMalaria
BCholera
CTuberculosis
DDiphtheria
Correct Answer: C
BCG vaccine provides immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, preventing severe forms of tuberculosis, especially in children.
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Q38. The main effect of deforestation is
Acreation of new habitats
Bloss of soil particles
Csurvival of more species
Dreduction of carbon (IV) oxide in the atmosphere
Correct Answer: B
Deforestation removes tree roots that bind soil, leading to increased erosion and loss of topsoil particles.
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Q39. Which of the following resources cannot be conserved?
AMineral resources
BSoil and water
CForests and wildlife
DDomestic wastes
Correct Answer: D
Domestic wastes are byproducts that require management and disposal, not conservation as renewable resources; the others can be conserved through sustainable practices.
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Q40. Which of the following activities is not suitable for forest conservation?
AFelling of trees
BPlanting seedlings
CPreventing bush fires
DPlanting tree crops
Correct Answer: A
Felling trees reduces forest cover and biodiversity; conservation involves sustainable practices like replanting and fire prevention.