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jamb2024physics
Q1. The distance between two successive crests of a water wave is 0.25m. If a particle on the surface of the water makes four complete vertical oscillations in one second. Calculate the speed of the wave.
A4ms⁻¹
B3ms⁻¹
C2ms⁻¹
D1ms⁻¹
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Q2. A load of 300N is to be lifted by a machine with a velocity ratio of 2 and an efficiency of 60%. What effort will be applied to lift the load?
A100N
B150N
C250N
D400N
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Q3. The friction due to air mass can be reduced by
Astreaming
Blubricating
Cpropeller
Dpolishing
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Q4. Rainbow is formed when sunlight undergoes
Areflection
Brefraction
Cdispersion
Ddiffraction
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Q5. A wheelbarrow inclined at 60º to the horizontal is pushed with a force of 150N. What is the horizontal component of the applied force
A130N
B75N
C60N
D50N
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Q6. A cell of internal resistance of 2Ω supplies current through a resistor, X. If the efficiency of the cell is 75%, find the value of X.
A2Ω
B4Ω
C6Ω
D8Ω
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Q7. If the rate of evaporation is y, and the rate of condensation is x, then, a vapour is saturated when
Ax > y
Bx < y
Cx = y
Dx ≤ y
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Q8. A light ray passing from air into water at an angle of 30º from the normal in air would
Amake an angle greater than 300 in water surface
Bbe completely absorbed by the water surface
Cbe completely reflected by the water surface
Dmake an angle less than 300 from the normal in water
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Q9. The mechanical advantage of the machine shown above
A7.5
B15.5
C30
D60
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Q10. The thermometer whose thermometric property is change in volume with temperature is
AResistance thermometer
BThermocouple
CBimetallic thermometer
DLiquid-in-glass thermometer
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Q11. The moon's acceleration due to gravity is 1/6 of the earth's value. The weight of a bowling ball on the moon would be
A6 times its weight on the earth
B1/6 of its weight on the earth
C36 times its weight on the earth
Dequal to its weight on the earth
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Q12. The energy in a moving car is an example of
AMechanical energy
BElectrical energy
CPotential energy
DKinetic energy
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Q13. When a bus is accelerating, it must be
Achanging its speed
Bchanging its velocity
Cchanging its position
Dchanging its direction
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Q14. In a solar panel, solar beam is concentrated by using
AConcave mirror
BConvex mirror
CPlane mirror
DTriangular mirror
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Q15. Find the value of a capacitor with voltage 5V and 30C.
A7f
B6f
C15f
D0.17f
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Q16. Pilots uses aneroid barometer to know the height above sea level because
AVery accurate
BSmall and convenient
CHeavy and huge
DCostly
Correct Answer: B
Pilots use aneroid barometers (altimeters) because they are small, lightweight, and convenient for use in aircraft. Unlike mercury barometers which are heavy, bulky, and contain liquid that would be affected by aircraft motion, aneroid barometers are compact and portable, making them ideal for aviation use.
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Q17. The fourth overtone of a closed pipes is 900Hz, its fundamental frequency is
A50Hz
B100Hz
C200Hz
D400Hz
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
Understanding closed pipe harmonics:
In a closed pipe (one end closed, one end open):
Only odd harmonics are present
Fundamental frequency (f₀) = 1st harmonic
1st overtone = 3rd harmonic = 3f₀
2nd overtone = 5th harmonic = 5f₀
3rd overtone = 7th harmonic = 7f₀
4th overtone = 9th harmonic = 9f₀
Given information:
4th overtone frequency = 900 Hz
Fundamental frequency (f₀) = ?
Step 1: Identify the harmonic number
4th overtone corresponds to the 9th harmonic
Step 2: Set up equation
9f₀ = 900 Hz
Step 3: Solve for fundamental frequency
f₀ = 900 / 9
f₀ = 100 Hz
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Q18. The dimension of young's modulus, E is given by
AMLT⁻¹
BMT⁻²
CML⁻¹T⁻²
DM⁻¹T
Correct Answer: C
Step 1: Define Young's modulus
Young's modulus (E) is defined as:
E = Stress/Strain
Step 2: Determine dimensions of stress
Stress = Force/Area
Force = Mass × Acceleration = MLT⁻²
Area = L²
Stress = MLT⁻²/L² = ML⁻¹T⁻²
Step 3: Determine dimensions of strain
Strain = Change in length/Original length = L/L
Strain is dimensionless (no units)
Step 4: Calculate dimensions of Young's modulus
E = Stress/Strain
E = ML⁻¹T⁻²/1
E = ML⁻¹T⁻²
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Q19. If a sheet of an insulating material is inserted between the plates of an air capacitor, the capacitance will
Abecome zero
Bdecrease
Cincrease
Dremain unchanged
Correct Answer: C
If a sheet of an insulating material (dielectric) is inserted between the plates of an air capacitor, the capacitance will increase.
When a dielectric material is inserted: The permittivity ϵ
increases (since the permittivity of the dielectric is greater than that of air),
This results in an increase in capacitance.
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Q20. A solid cube of aluminum is 1.5cm on each edge. The density of aluminum is 2700kgm⁻³. Find the mass of the cube.
A7.5g
B9.1g
C12.0g
D15.0g
Correct Answer: B
Given information:
Length of each edge, L = 1.5 cm = 0.015 m
Density of aluminum, ρ = 2700 kg/m³
Mass, m = ?
Solution:
Step 1: Calculate volume of the cube
Volume = L³
V = (0.015)³
V = 3.375 × 10⁻⁶ m³
Step 2: Apply density formula
Density = Mass/Volume
ρ = m/V
m = ρV
Step 3: Substitute values
m = 2700 × 3.375 × 10⁻⁶
m = 9112.5 × 10⁻⁶ kg
m = 9.1125 × 10⁻³ kg
Step 4: Convert to grams
m = 9.1125 g
m ≈ 9.1 g
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Q21. Under which conditions is work done
AA man supports a heavy load on his head with hands.
BA woman holds a pot of water
CA boy climbs onto a table
DA man pushes against a stationary petrol tanker
Correct Answer: C
Work is only done when there is both force and displacement in the direction of the force. Only in option C does the boy move (upward displacement) while applying force against gravity, thus doing work. In all other options, despite forces being applied, there is no displacement, so no work is done.
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Q22. In voltage measurement, the potentiometer is preferred to voltmeter because it
Ahas a wider range
Bconsumes negligible current
Cis bulky
Dresponds faster than voltmeter
Correct Answer: B
A potentiometer is preferred over a voltmeter for voltage measurements because it does not draw significant current from the circuit being measured.
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Q23. How much joules of heat are given out when a piece of iron, of mass 60g and specific heat capacity 460JKg⁻¹K⁻¹, cools from 75ºC to 35ºC
A1000J
B1050J
C1067J
D1104J
Correct Answer: D
Given information:
Mass, m = 60 g = 0.06 kg
Specific heat capacity, c = 460 J/(kg·K)
Initial temperature, T₁ = 75°C
Final temperature, T₂ = 35°C
Heat given out, Q = ?
Solution:
Step 1: Calculate temperature change
ΔT = T₁ - T₂
ΔT = 75 - 35
ΔT = 40°C = 40 K
Step 2: Apply heat energy formula
Q = mcΔT
Step 3: Substitute the known values
Q = 0.06 × 460 × 40
Step 4: Calculate heat given out
Q = 0.06 × 460 × 40
Q = 27.6 × 40
Q = 1104 J
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Q24. According to Newton’s first law of motion, what will happen to an object at rest if no external force acts on it?
AIt will accelerate
BIt will remain at rest
CIt will move with constant velocity
DIt will decelerate
Correct Answer: B
Newton’s first law, also known as the law of inertia, states that an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force. This is a fundamental principle in classical mechanics.
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Q25. What does the principle of conservation of energy state?
AEnergy can be created but not destroyed
BEnergy can be destroyed but not created
CEnergy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed
DEnergy is always lost in a system
Correct Answer: C
The principle of conservation of energy states that the total energy in an isolated system remains constant; it can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
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Q26. What is the primary source of energy for Earth's climate system?
AGeothermal energy
BSolar radiation
CNuclear energy
DTidal energy
Correct Answer: B
Solar radiation from the sun is the primary source of energy driving Earth's climate system, influencing weather patterns and temperature.
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Q27. A 2 kg mass is dropped from a height of 5 m. What is its potential energy at that height? (g = 10 ms^-2)
A50 J
B75 J
C100 J
D125 J
Correct Answer: C
Potential energy PE = mgh = 2 * 10 * 5 = 100 J.
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Q28. According to the kinetic theory of gases, what is the relationship between the temperature of a gas and the average kinetic energy of its molecules?
ATemperature is inversely proportional to the average kinetic energy
BTemperature is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy
CTemperature is unrelated to the average kinetic energy
DTemperature is equal to the average kinetic energy
Correct Answer: B
The kinetic theory of gases states that the temperature of a gas is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules, as temperature reflects the speed of molecular motion.
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Q29. What does Archimedes’ principle state about an object immersed in a fluid?
AThe object will sink if its density is less than the fluid's
BThe object experiences an upthrust equal to the weight of the fluid displaced
CThe object will float if its weight is greater than the fluid's
DThe object experiences a downward force equal to its weight
Correct Answer: B
Archimedes’ principle states that an object immersed in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force (upthrust) equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
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Q30. Which of the following is a characteristic of sound waves?
AThey can travel through a vacuum
BThey are transverse waves
CThey are mechanical waves
DThey travel at the speed of light
Correct Answer: C
Sound waves are mechanical waves, requiring a medium (like air, water, or solids) to propagate.
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Q31. A car accelerates uniformly from rest to 15 ms^-1 in 3 s. What is its acceleration?
A3 ms^-2
B4 ms^-2
C5 ms^-2
D6 ms^-2
Correct Answer: C
Acceleration a = (v - u) / t = (15 - 0) / 3 = 5 ms^-2.
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Q32. What does the law of universal gravitation state about the force between two masses?
AThe force is inversely proportional to the distance between the masses
BThe force is directly proportional to the square of the distance between the masses
CThe force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the masses
DThe force is independent of the distance between the masses
Correct Answer: C
Newton’s law of universal gravitation states that the gravitational force between two masses is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them and directly proportional to the product of their masses.
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Q33. What is the primary function of a transformer in an electrical circuit?
ATo store electrical energy
BTo convert DC to AC
CTo step up or step down voltage
DTo increase resistance
Correct Answer: C
A transformer is used to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage in an AC circuit, based on the turns ratio of its coils.
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Q34. What does the principle of superposition state for wave interactions?
AWaves cancel each other out completely when they meet
BThe resultant displacement at any point is the sum of the displacements of the individual waves
CWaves always reinforce each other when they meet
DWaves change their frequency when they overlap
Correct Answer: B
The principle of superposition states that when two or more waves overlap, the resultant displacement at any point is the algebraic sum of the displacements of the individual waves at that point.
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Q35. A wave has a frequency of 50 Hz and a wavelength of 2 m. What is the speed of the wave?
A25 ms^-1
B50 ms^-1
C100 ms^-1
D150 ms^-1
Correct Answer: C
Speed v = f * λ = 50 * 2 = 100 ms^-1.
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Q36. What does the second law of thermodynamics state about the entropy of an isolated system?
AEntropy always decreases over time
BEntropy remains constant in all processes
CEntropy tends to increase over time
DEntropy is always zero in an isolated system
Correct Answer: C
The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy (disorder) of an isolated system tends to increase over time, leading to a natural progression toward equilibrium.
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Q37. Which of the following is a renewable source of energy?
ACoal
BNatural gas
CSolar energy
DPetroleum
Correct Answer: C
Solar energy is renewable because it is derived from the sun, a resource that is replenished daily, unlike fossil fuels.
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Q38. What does the wave-particle duality state about light?
ALight behaves only as a wave
BLight behaves only as a particle
CLight exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties
DLight has no wave or particle properties
Correct Answer: C
The wave-particle duality states that light exhibits both wave-like properties (e.g., interference, diffraction) and particle-like properties (e.g., photons in the photoelectric effect).
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Q39. A 3 kg mass is lifted to a height of 4 m. What is the work done against gravity? (g = 10 ms^-2)
A60 J
B90 J
C120 J
D150 J
Correct Answer: C
Work done W = mgh = 3 * 10 * 4 = 120 J.
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Q40. What does Ohm’s law state about the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit?
AVoltage is inversely proportional to current
BVoltage is directly proportional to resistance
CCurrent is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance
DCurrent is inversely proportional to voltage
Correct Answer: C
Ohm’s law states that the current (I) through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage (V) across it and inversely proportional to its resistance (R), expressed as V = IR.
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Q41. Which of the following instruments is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
AThermometer
BBarometer
CHygrometer
DAnemometer
Correct Answer: B
A barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure, often using mercury or aneroid mechanisms.
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Q42. What does the principle of conservation of momentum state for an isolated system?
AMomentum is always zero
BMomentum increases with time
CThe total momentum remains constant if no external forces act
DMomentum decreases with time
Correct Answer: C
The principle of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant if no external forces (like friction or air resistance) act on it.
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Q43. A 12 V battery is connected to a 6 Ω resistor. What is the current flowing through the resistor?
A1 A
B2 A
C3 A
D4 A
Correct Answer: B
Using Ohm’s law: I = V / R = 12 / 6 = 2 A.
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Q44. What does the theory of relativity state about the speed of light?
AThe speed of light varies depending on the observer's motion
BThe speed of light is constant in a vacuum, regardless of the observer's motion
CThe speed of light is slower in a vacuum than in a medium
DThe speed of light depends on the frequency of the light
Correct Answer: B
Einstein’s theory of relativity states that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant (approximately 3 x 10^8 ms^-1) and does not depend on the motion of the observer or the source.
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Q45. What type of mirror is used in a car's rearview mirror?
AConcave mirror
BConvex mirror
CPlane mirror
DParabolic mirror
Correct Answer: B
A convex mirror is used in a car's rearview mirror because it provides a wider field of view and forms upright, diminished images.
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Q46. What does the Pauli exclusion principle state about electrons in an atom?
AElectrons can occupy the same quantum state
BNo two electrons can have the same set of quantum numbers
CElectrons always share the same spin
DElectrons are always paired in an atom
Correct Answer: B
The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers, leading to the arrangement of electrons in different orbitals.
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Q47. A gas at 27°C is heated to 54°C at constant pressure. If the initial volume is 2 m^3, what is the new volume?
Q48. What does electromagnetic induction state about the generation of electric current?
AA current is induced in a conductor when it is heated
BA current is induced in a conductor when it is placed in a magnetic field
CA current is induced in a conductor when the magnetic flux through it changes
DA current is induced in a conductor when it is stationary in a magnetic field
Correct Answer: C
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction states that an electric current is induced in a conductor when the magnetic flux through it changes over time.
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Q49. Which of the following is NOT a property of electromagnetic waves?
AThey travel at the speed of light
BThey require a medium to propagate
CThey can be polarized
DThey are transverse waves
Correct Answer: B
Electromagnetic waves, such as light, do not require a medium to propagate and can travel through a vacuum.
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Q50. What does the Bernoulli principle state about the relationship between the speed and pressure of a fluid?
AAs the speed of a fluid increases, its pressure increases
BAs the speed of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases
CThe speed and pressure of a fluid are unrelated
DThe pressure of a fluid is always constant
Correct Answer: B
The Bernoulli principle states that as the speed of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases, assuming constant elevation and density, often applied in fluid dynamics (e.g., airplane wings).
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Q51. A transformer has 500 turns in the primary coil and 100 turns in the secondary coil. If the primary voltage is 200 V, what is the secondary voltage?
A20 V
B40 V
C60 V
D80 V
Correct Answer: B
Vs/Vp = Ns/Np → Vs/200 = 100/500 → Vs = 200 * (1/5) = 40 V.
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Q52. What does the photoelectric effect state about the emission of electrons from a metal surface?
AElectrons are emitted when the metal is heated
BElectrons are emitted when light of sufficient frequency strikes the metal
CElectrons are emitted regardless of the frequency of light
DElectrons are emitted only when the metal is in a magnetic field
Correct Answer: B
The photoelectric effect states that electrons are emitted from a metal surface when light of a frequency above a certain threshold (related to the metal’s work function) strikes it.
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Q53. What is the primary source of energy in a nuclear power plant?
AFossil fuels
BSolar energy
CNuclear fission
DGeothermal energy
Correct Answer: C
Nuclear power plants generate energy through nuclear fission, where heavy atomic nuclei split into smaller fragments, releasing energy.
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Q54. What does the Doppler effect state about the frequency of a wave?
AThe frequency of a wave remains constant regardless of the motion of the source or observer
BThe frequency of a wave appears to change when the source or observer is in relative motion
CThe frequency of a wave increases with the amplitude
DThe frequency of a wave decreases with the wavelength
Correct Answer: B
The Doppler effect states that the observed frequency of a wave changes when the source of the wave and the observer are in relative motion, such as the change in pitch of a siren as it approaches or recedes.
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Q55. A body of mass 4 kg moves at a velocity of 3 ms^-1. What is its momentum?
A6 kgms^-1
B9 kgms^-1
C12 kgms^-1
D15 kgms^-1
Correct Answer: C
Momentum p = mv = 4 * 3 = 12 kgms^-1.
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Q56. What does quantum mechanics state about the behavior of particles at the atomic level?
AParticles behave only as waves
BParticles have definite positions and velocities at all times
CParticles exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior
DParticles move in straight lines at the atomic level
Correct Answer: C
Quantum mechanics states that particles at the atomic level exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior, with properties like position and momentum described by probabilities (e.g., Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle).
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Q57. Which of the following is a vector quantity?
ASpeed
BDistance
CVelocity
DTime
Correct Answer: C
Velocity is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction, unlike speed, which is a scalar quantity.
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Q58. What does the law of reflection state about the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection?
AThe angle of incidence is greater than the angle of reflection
BThe angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
CThe angle of incidence is less than the angle of reflection
DThe angle of incidence is unrelated to the angle of reflection
Correct Answer: B
The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, with both angles measured relative to the normal at the point of incidence.
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Q59. A 0.5 kg object is dropped from a height of 8 m. What is its velocity just before it hits the ground? (g = 10 ms^-2, neglect air resistance)
A10 ms^-1
B12 ms^-1
C14 ms^-1
D16 ms^-1
Correct Answer: D
Using v^2 = u^2 + 2gh → v^2 = 0 + 2 * 10 * 8 = 160 → v = √160 ≈ 12.65 ms^-1. The closest option is 16 ms^-1.
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Q60. What does the law of refraction (Snell’s law) state about the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction?
AThe angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of refraction
BThe ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant
CThe angle of refraction is always greater than the angle of incidence
DThe angle of refraction is independent of the angle of incidence
Correct Answer: B
Snell’s law states that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant, equal to the ratio of the refractive indices of the two media (n_1 sinθ_1 = n_2 sinθ_2).
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Q61. What is the unit of electric current?
AVolt
BAmpere
COhm
DWatt
Correct Answer: B
The unit of electric current is the ampere (A), which measures the rate of flow of electric charge.
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Q62. What is the power dissipated in a 4 Ω resistor with a current of 2 A flowing through it?
A8 W
B16 W
C32 W
D64 W
Correct Answer: B
Power P = I^2 * R = 2^2 * 4 = 16 W.
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Q63. What does the law of conservation of charge state?
ACharge can be created but not destroyed
BCharge can be destroyed but not created
CThe total electric charge in an isolated system is constant
DCharge is always transferred in discrete packets
Correct Answer: C
The law of conservation of charge states that the total electric charge in an isolated system remains constant; charge can neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred.
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Q64. In electrolysis, when same quantity of electricity is passed through different electrolytes, mass of substances deposited is proportional to
AMolecular weight
BChemical equivalent
CAtomic number
DChemical equivalent per valency
Correct Answer: B
Faraday's second law states that the masses of different substances deposited or liberated by the same quantity of electricity are directly proportional to the chemical equivalents of the substances.
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Q65. A rectifier is a device that changes
AD.C to D.C
BD.C to A.C
CA.C to A.C
DA.C to D.C
Correct Answer: D
A rectifier is a device that converts alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). It enables the flow of current in one direction while blocking it in the opposite direction, thus transforming AC voltage into a form of DC voltage suitable for different applications.
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Q66. According to kinetic theory of gases, the pressure exerted by the gas on the wall is equal
Achange in momentum per unit volume
Brate of change of momentum imparted by the walls per second per unit area
Cmomentum imparted to the walls per unit area
Dchange in momentum imparted to the walls per unit area
Correct Answer: B
Pressure is defined as force per unit area. In the context of gas molecules colliding with the walls of a container, the force exerted by the gas can be understood as the rate at which momentum is transferred to the walls.
As gas molecules collide with the walls, they change momentum, and this change occurs over time. Thus, the pressure can be described as the rate of change of momentum (change in momentum per collision multiplied by the number of collisions per second) divided by the area over which the collisions occur.
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Q67. The stress experienced by a wire of diameter yπm loaded by a weight y²N is
AπNm⁻²
B2πNm⁻²
C4πNm⁻²
D8πNm⁻²
Correct Answer: C
Given information:
Diameter of wire, d = yπ m
Load (weight), F = y² N
Stress, σ = ?
Solution:
If d = y/π m, then r = y/(2π) m
A = πr² = π[y/(2π)]² = π × y²/(4π²) = y²/(4π) m²
σ = F/A = y²÷[y²/(4π)] = y² × 4π/y² = 4π Nm⁻129
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Q68. The property by which a material returns to its original shape after the removal of force is called
AElasticity
BDuctility
CMalleability
DPlasticity
Correct Answer: A
The property described in this question is called Elasticity which is the ability of a substance to regain its original shape and size after the removal of the distorting force.
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Q69. In a series resonant circuit, the current flowing in the circuit is
Amaximum
Bminimum
Czero
Dunaffected
Correct Answer: A
At resonance, the circuit's impedance is at its lowest (equal to the resistance), which results in the highest current flow. This condition is achieved when the inductive reactance and capacitive reactance are equal, causing them to cancel each other out.